Signs and Treatment of Feline Diabetes: A Guide for Cat Owners

Diabetes isn't just a human condition; our feline friends can suffer from it too. Feline diabetes is a common endocrine disease in cats and understanding it can help you manage your cat's health better.

Let's dive into what feline diabetes is, its symptoms, causes, and how you can help your diabetic cat live a healthy life.


What is Feline Diabetes?

This is the most common type of diabetes in cats is Type II Diabetes, accounting for approximately 90% of diabetes diagnoses in cats. It occurs when a cat's body cannot produce enough insulin or cannot use it properly. Insulin is a hormone that helps regulate blood sugar levels. Without enough insulin, sugar builds up in the blood, leading to high blood sugar levels.

Symptoms of Feline Diabetes

Recognizing the symptoms of diabetes in cats is crucial for early diagnosis and treatment. Here are some common signs to watch out for:

  • Increased Thirst and Urination: Diabetic cats will often drink more water and urinate more frequently.
  • Weight Loss: Despite having a good appetite, diabetic cats may lose weight.
  • Increased Appetite: Your cat may seem hungrier than usual.
  • Lethargy: Diabetic cats might be less active and more tired than usual.
  • Poor Coat Condition: Their fur might become dull and unkempt.

Causes and Risk Factors

Several factors can increase a cat's risk of developing diabetes:

  • Obesity: Overweight or obese cats are 4 times more likely to develop diabetes.
  • Age: Older cats are at higher risk.
  • Gender: Current research suggests that male cats are more prone to diabetes than females.
  • Breed: Some breeds, like Burmese cats, might have a higher risk.

Diagnosis

If you notice any of the symptoms mentioned, it's important to take your cat to the vet. The vet will perform a variety of blood and urine tests to check for signs of diabetes such as high blood sugar levels and glucose in the urine. They might also measure fructosamine levels, which indicate average blood sugar levels over the past few weeks.

Treatment and Management

Managing feline diabetes involves a combination of diet, insulin therapy, and regular monitoring.

Insulin Therapy: Most diabetic cats will need insulin injections to help control their blood sugar levels. Your vet will guide you on how to administer these injections at home. It's important to follow the vet's instructions carefully to avoid complications like hypoglycemia (low blood sugar).

Diet: A low-carbohydrate, moderate fibre, and high-protein diet is often recommended for diabetic cats. This helps manage blood sugar levels more effectively. Oftentimes, consistency is important for diabetic cats.

Monitoring: Regular monitoring of your cat's blood sugar levels is crucial. This can be done at home using a glucose meter which your veterinarian will guide you through using. Keeping a log of your cat's blood sugar readings, diet, and insulin doses can help your vet make necessary adjustments to the treatment plan.

Preventing Diabetes

While not all cases of diabetes can be prevented, maintaining a healthy weight through a balanced diet and regular exercise can reduce the risk.

There are multiple dietary strategies available for diabetic cats. Some veterinarian therapeutic diets will follow a low carb (starch), moderate fibre, high protein and high fat diet. Others will use a low fat strategy. For the most effective dietary strategy, it is crucial to work with your veterinarian to decide on the best diet for your cat. Another important factor is consistency. 

Our Bento Box offers a low carbohydrate, moderate fibre, high fat and high protein, gently-cooked option. Alternatively, the Wild West Kangaroo meal is more moderate in carbohydrate whilst remaining low in starch and could be a viable option.  

Living with a Diabetic Cat

With proper management, diabetic cats can live long, healthy lives. It's important to work closely with your vet to ensure your cat's diabetes is well-controlled. Regular check-ups, a consistent routine, and lots of love and care will go a long way in keeping your feline friend happy and healthy.

Conclusion

Feline diabetes is a manageable condition with the right care and attention. By understanding the symptoms, causes, and treatment options, you can help your diabetic cat lead a fulfilling life. Remember, early detection and consistent management are key to ensuring your cat's well-being.

If you have any concerns about your cat's health, don't hesitate to reach out to your vet. They are your best resource for keeping your furry friend healthy and happy.

Written by: Hannah Godfrey
Animal Nutritionist
BSc.H. | MSc. Animal Nutrition
www.tomandsawyer.com

References: 

Case L.P. et al. Canine and Feline Nutrition: A resource for companion animal professionals 3rd ed. May 19, 2010

Hand MS, Thatcher CD, Reimillard RL, Roudebush P, Morris ML, Novotny BJ. editors. Small animal clinical nutrition, 4th edition. Topeka, KS: Mark Morris Institute. 2000.

Gottlieb, S., Rand J. Managing feline diabetes: current perspectives. Vet Med Res Rep, 9:33-43. 2018

Rand J. Pathogenesis of feline diabetes. Vet Clin Sm Anim Prac, 43(2): 221-231. 2013.

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